Our bodies rely on insulin, a hormone, to convert sugar from food into energy. In type 1 diabetes, the organ(pancreas)produces little or no insulin leading to high blood sugar levels. In Type 2 diabetes the body doesn’t control or use blood sugar properly. This impaired sugar absorption can lead to the buildup of fatty deposits or clots on blood vessel walls over time. Left untreated or undiagnosed, these clots may obstruct or narrow brain blood vessels, triggering a stroke. Individuals with diabetes are also predisposed to high blood pressure, higher stroke risk further. Factors that raise the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes include:

• Advancing age, particularly over 55
• Being over 45 with high blood pressure Being over 45 and overweight
• Having a family history of diabetes
• Managing diabetes involves maintaining blood sugar levels within recommended parameters.
• Good management of diabetes mellitus involves a combination of healthy diet and regular exercise besides drugs.

Higher cholesterol levels, referred to as Hypercholesterolemia, contribute significantly to blood vessel disease, a common precursor to stroke. Cholesterol, a pliable, fatty substance, is both produced by the body and absorbed from certain foods like yolk of eggs, meats, and dairy products. A diet rich in saturated fats, particularly those from animal sources, is the primary culprit behind high cholesterol levels, although genetic factors can also play a role. Cholesterol exists in two forms:

• Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), containing less protein and more cholesterol often termed “bad” cholesterol, accumulates on artery walls, contributing to plaque formation(atherosclerosis).
• High-density lipoprotein (HDL), mobilizing cholesterol to the liver where it is then removed known as “good” cholesterol.
• The ratio of HDL to LDL cholesterol serves as a critical indicator of stroke risk. Higher levels of HDL correspond to a reduced risk, whereas increased LDL levels raise the risk.

A balanced diet including unsaturated edible oil, fresh vegetables, fruit, whole grain and regular physical activity are beneficial in lowering blood cholesterol and risk of stroke. Refrain from smoking, limit alcohol consumption and maintain a healthy weight.